OMG B
OOKSOURCE
PRESENTS
Instructional Materials for Industrial Skills:
Basic Instrumentation Process
Request a Quote
BIP000A
CALIBRATING FLOW AND LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
Video
Describes DP transmitter calibration; flowmeter calibration--vortex shedding, mass
flowmeter; level calibration--hydrostatic and displacement. Includes manual.
30 minutes.
BIP000B
CALIBRATING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
Discusses analog electronic and smart pressure transmitter calibration; DP transmitter
calibration; pressure gauge calibration; thermocouple and RTD calibration checks;
thermocouple and RTD transmitter calibration. Includes manual. 30 minutes.
BIP001
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
Video
Presents the principles and procedures for making sound electrical connections in an
instrumentation system. Segment one teaches various connection and splice techniques
and describes the necessary wires, connectors and tools. The next segment deals with
electrical grounds, their purpose, installation, and potential problems. Segment
three shows students the proper method of shielded and coaxial cable connection.
Signal tracing and general safety principles are covered in the last two segments.
 | Connections and Splices
 | Importance of proper connections |
| Types of wire |
| Crimped splice |
| In-line splice |
| Coaxial cable connection |
| Solid conductors to terminal |
| Stranded conductors to terminal |
| Stranded conductors to compression terminal |
|
| Grounds and Shields
| Purpose of grounding |
| Installation of safety ground |
| Electrical noise/signal distortion |
| Shielding for noise reduction |
| Unintentional ground loops |
|
| Shielded and Coaxial Cable Connections
| Attaching shielded cable to instrument |
| Attaching shielded cable to control panel |
| Preparation of coaxial cable |
| Connection of coaxial cable |
|
| Signal Tracing in an Electrical Circuit
| General safety |
| Safety equipment in hazardous locations |
| Intrinsic safety |
| Intrinsically safe systems |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP003
ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT
Video
Explains the characteristics and operating principles of various types of test
equipment used for the calibration of electronic test instruments such as gages and
transmitters. Included are procedures describing the use of precision test gages and
portable, analog and digital display calibrators. Guidelines detailing the use of
deadweight testers as alternative sources of input pressure for high-pressure instruments
and systems are also provided.
| Multimeters
| Electronic values and associated instruments |
| Safety procedures |
| Controls |
| Measuring electronic input values |
|
| Multifunction Calibrators, Part I
| Controls |
| Measuring electronic output values |
|
| Multifunction Calibrators, Part II
| Generation of electronic output values |
|
| Function Generators and Frequency Counters
| Switches, controls and displays of function generators |
| Switches, controls and displays of frequency counters |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP005
FEEDBACK CONTROL
Video
This program describes the function of controllers in instrument control systems and
explains the four basic modes of control action commonly used to control industrial
process operations.
| Processes
| Definition of variable |
| Function of instrument systems |
| Basic steps in a control process |
| Manual and automatic control |
| Variables used in process control |
|
| Control Components
| Upset, feedback and feedback control loop |
| Components and functions of a typical feedback control loop |
|
| Sensors and Transmitters
| Definition of response time |
| Accuracy and precision |
| Signal transmission |
| Common types of standard instrument signals |
| Standard ranges of transmission signals |
|
| Final Control Elements
| Common types of control elements |
| Positioning of electrical final control elements |
| Positioning of pneumatic final control elements |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP007
INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
Video
Demonstrates the need for calibration and the process to follow when preparing to
calibrate various instruments. The lesson covers the calibration of both pneumatic
and electronic instruments, errors associated with each type, the five-point calibration
check, plotting calibration curves, and corrective actions when errors are detected.
| Introduction
| Instrument calibration |
| Need for calibration |
| Conditions for calibration |
| Calibration set-up |
| Equipment |
| Information sources |
|
| Calibration
| Preparation Connections |
| Determining calibration points |
| Calibration data sheet |
| Calibration prerequisites |
|
| Pneumatic Instrument Calibration
| Calibration check |
| Plotting data |
| Plotting input/output graphs |
| Determining errors |
| Corrective actions |
|
| Electronic Instrument Calibration
| Calibration equipment |
| Connections |
| Calibration points |
| Calibration check |
| Determining errors |
| Correction Action |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP009
INSTRUMENT LOOP DIAGRAMS
Video
Explains the purpose of loop diagrams, their configuration and specific features.
Actual diagrams of an electronic and a pneumatic loop are used as examples. Each
section of a loop diagram is discussed in detail, including sensors, transmitters, signal
lines, junction boxes, controllers, inputs and outputs and information blocks.
Detailed information and practice regarding interpretation of loop diagrams is provided.
| DIAGRAMS
| The loop diagram |
| The sections on a loop diagram |
|
| Symbols and Reference
| Instrument ports and connections |
| Junction boxes and identifiers |
| Power supply for the loop |
| Operating range and set point for an instrument |
| Controller action |
| Information and notes in the blocks at the bottom of a loop diagram |
|
| Electronic Loops
| Electronic line symbols |
| Electronic instrumentation symbols |
| Input and output to transmitters and controllers |
| Power supply |
|
| Pneumatic Loops
| Pneumatic line symbols |
| Pneumatic instrumentation symbols |
| Input and output to transmitters and controllers |
| Air supply to process |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP011
INSTRUMENTATION ERRORS
Video
Introduces the student to the different types of errors that may affect process control
instrumentation. As each error condition is explained, the student will learn the
effect of the error, how the error is represented on a calibration graph, and which
instruments are prone to particular errors. Errors covered in this lesson
include: hysteresis, dead band, zero shift, span error, and errors caused by
improper installation and interpretation of readings.
| Introduction
| Definition of instrument errors |
| Effects on a process control loop |
| Detecting instrumentation errors |
|
| Characteristics of Measuring Instruments
| Accuracy |
| Dead band |
| Hysteresis |
| Linearity |
| Repeatability |
|
| Analysis of Instrumentation Errors
| Accuracy ratings |
| Methods of expression |
| Accuracy and rangeability |
| Typical errors |
| Zero shift |
| Span error |
| Combination errors |
|
| Installation and interpretive Errors
| Installation errors Inclination error |
| Position error |
| Mounting strain error |
| Interpretive errors |
| Parallax error |
| Subdivision values |
| Estimating readings |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP013
INSTRUMENTATION SYMBOLS
Video
Explains the function and meaning of symbols found on process instrumentation drawings
and diagrams. Piping and instrument diagrams (P&IDs) are used to determine the
use of symbols and tag numbers. This program is based on ISA Standards.
| Symbols and Tag Numbers
| The instrumentation diagram |
| The function of instrument symbols |
| Balloon symbols and instrument mounting locations |
| Functional identifiers in balloon symbols |
| Loop identification numbers |
| Loop indicator suffixes |
|
| Line Symbols
| Function of line symbols |
| Process line symbols |
| Signal line symbols |
|
| Valve and Actuator Symbols
| Types of valves and their symbols |
| Symbol for hand actuator |
| Symbols for automatic actuators, including diaphragm, solenoid and rotary |
|
| Reading a Simple Loop
| Interpreting a simple loop |
| Information in the title block |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP015
MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS
Video
Presents the principles and procedures for making sound mechanical connections in an
instrumentation system. Gasket materials and O-rings are discussed, along with three
types of tubing materials. The program presents how to calculate for tubing gain,
how to cut and deburr tubing, and how to mark and bend tubing. The program also
covers compression fittings used on plastic tubing, including installation and checking
for leaks. The last segment discusses silver soldering techniques, beginning with
deburring a cut, on to cleaning the tubing and fittings, and cleaning the connection after
soldering.
| Gaskets and O-Rings
| Importance of mechanical connections |
| Types of gasket materials |
| Removing and replacing a gasket |
| Removing and replacing an O-ring |
|
| TUBING
| Applications of tubing in instrument systems |
| Tubing materials and applications (stainless steel, copper, and plastic) |
| Calculating tubing gain |
| Cutting tubing |
| Deburring tubing |
| Three types of tubing benders |
| Marking and bending tubing |
|
| Fittings and Plastic Tubing
| Parts of a compression fitting |
| How to flare a fitting |
| Types of plastic tubing |
| Installing plastic tubing |
| Checking for leaks |
|
| Silver Soldering
| How to deburr a hacksaw cut |
| Cleaning, tubing, and fittings for silver soldering |
| How to silver solder |
| How to silver solder a fitting to tubing |
| The importance of cleaning a connection after soldering |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP017
INSTRUMENTATION TROUBLE- SHOOTING AND REPAIR
Video
This unit introduces the types of diagrams and manuals used in instrumentation and
troubleshooting and the test equipment used for simulating inputs and measuring
outputs. After completing this unit, trainees should be able to identify the problem
component in a malfunctioning control loop, given the necessary reference materials.
Trainees should also be able to demonstrate good practices for removal, repair, and
replacement of process control instruments.
1 instructor’s guide, 1 workbook. Also available in Spanish and
Portuguese. 1 hour.
BIP019
LIQUID LEVEL MEASUREMENT 1
Video
This unit focuses on the operating principles of simple level-measuring instruments,
float-actuated instruments, displacers, magnetic float devices, conductance and
capacitance probes, sonic instruments and radiation instruments. The emphasis is on
inspecting level-measuring systems and reading the indicated level.
1 instructor’s guide, 1 workbook. Also available in Spanish and
Portuguese. 1 hour.
BIP020
LIQUID LEVEL MEASUREMENT 2
Video
This unit teaches trainees how to convert pressure measurements into equivalent liquid
level measurements. After completing this unit, trainees should understand how
indirect level-measuring instruments can be used in open tanks, what differential pressure
is, how differential pressure is measured, and how D/P devices are connected to open and
closed tanks. Trainees should also know how temperature changes are compensated for
in typical closed-tank and wet-leg systems and how these systems are generally maintained.
1 instructor’s guide, 1 workbook. Also available in Spanish and
Portuguese. 1 hour.
BIP022
OSCILLOSCOPES
Video
Introduces the student to the setup and use of analog and digital oscilloscopes.
In the introductory segment, the functions and features of both types of scopes are
covered. The location and operation of each control section is detailed. In
segments two and three, the student learns how to start up and initialize the instrument
and make measurements of various input signals.
| Introduction
| Functions and features |
| Display section |
| Vertical control section |
| Horizontal control section |
| Triggering controls |
| Probes |
| Digital functions and features |
|
| Using the Oscilloscope
| Start-up and initialization |
| Measuring amplitude |
| Measuring period and frequency |
|
| Advanced Measurements and Applications
| Single-shot and low-rep rates |
| Using holdoff |
| Differential measurements |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP024
PNEUMATIC TEST EQUIPMENT
Video
Explains the characteristics and operating principles of various types of test
equipment used for the calibration of pneumatic test instruments such as gages and
transmitters. Included are procedures describing the use of precision test gages and
portable analog and digital display calibrators. Guidelines detailing the use of
deadweight testers as alternative sources of input pressure for high-pressure instruments
and systems are also provided.
| Test Gages
| Define test gage |
| Identify selection factors |
| Differences from general-purpose gages |
| Effects of parallax |
| Techniques to reduce parallax |
| Reading of multiple scales |
| Checking accuracy of general-purpose gages |
|
| Deadweight Testers as Calibration Pressure Sources |
| Analog-Display Pneumatic Calibrators
| Define analog-display pneumatic calibrator |
| Parts and operation |
| Calibration set-up |
| Calibration of pneumatic instruments |
|
| Digital-Display Pneumatic Instruments
| Define digital-display pneumatic calibrator |
| Parts and operation |
| Calibration set-up |
| Calibration of pneumatic instruments |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP026
PRESSURE GAUGES AND CALIBRATION 1
Video
This unit demonstrates how to read pressure gauges, remove gauges and return gauges to
service. With sufficient practice, trainees should be able to assemble and
disassemble adjustable pointer mechanisms and calibrate rotary-geared pressure gauges
containing Bourdon tube or bellows pressure elements.
1 instructor’s guide, 1 workbook. Also available in Spanish and
Portuguese. 1 hour.
BIP027
PRESSURE GAUGES AND CALIBRATION 2
Video
This unit teaches trainees to calibrate a variety of pressure gauges, including retard
gauges, absolute gauges and compound gauges. Trainees also learn to compensate
correctly for static pressures when the level of the gauge is different from the level of
the pressure being monitored and to select and install devices to protect a gauge from the
process it monitors.
1 instructor’s guide, 1 workbook. Also available in Spanish and
Portuguese. 1 hour.
BIP029
PRESSURE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Video
This unit teaches trainees how to discuss pressure in practical terms, use a manometer
to take a pressure measurement (observing standard practice for reading liquid levels),
convert pressure measurements from one unit to another, and identify and explain basic
operating principles of various types of pressure elements and transducers.
1 instructor’s guide, 1 workbook. Also available in Spanish and
Portuguese. 1 hour.
BIP031
PRIMARY CALIBRATION STANDARDS
Video
This program discusses the purpose of primary and secondary standards and the
importance of calibration with respect to instruments and control systems. The
characteristics and operation of manometers and deadweight testers are explained in
detail. Requisite preparations and calibration procedures using a well-type
manometer, a hydraulic deadweight tester and a pneumatic deadweight tester are described.
| Standards
| Define standard |
| Describe the two basic types of standards |
| Explain the purpose of primary and secondary standards |
|
| Manometers
| Define manometer |
| U-tube manometers |
| Reading U-tube scales |
| Well-type manometers |
| Reading well-type scales |
| Define meniscus |
| Determining manometer levels |
| Characteristics of fill fluids |
| Inclined manometers |
| Manometers as primary standards |
|
| Hydraulic Deadweight Testers
| Define deadweight tester |
| Parts and operation |
| Calibration set-up |
| Calibrating test gages |
| Compatibility of tester and process fluids |
|
| Pneumatic Deadweight Testers
| Differences between pneumatic and hydraulic |
| Parts and operating |
| Cleaning and maintenance |
| Calibration set-up |
| Calibrating test gages |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP032
PRINCIPLES OF CALIBRATION
Video
This video discusses the importance of calibration; accuracy and precision in
calibration; recognizing zero shift, span error and other errors; non-linearity;
hysteresis; deadband; set-up and test equipment for calibration; and calibration
procedure. Includes manual. 60 minutes.
BIP033
PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS
Video
This program explains how to use and interpret instrumentation drawings that represent
digital, pneumatic and electronic process control systems. Concepts and
characteristics of these control systems are discussed and the symbols associated with the
processes are described, using representative drawings of process systems.
Instrument symbols and identifiers are included, as well as line symbols for electronic
digital and electromagnetic signal paths. The last segment focuses on interpreting
simplified, conceptual and detailed diagrams. The student workbook includes excerpts
from ISA Standard 5.1.
| Control Concepts
| Purpose of ISA Standard 5.1 |
| Shared display |
| Algorithm |
| Scanning device |
|
| Symbols and Identifiers
| Instrument symbols used on instrumentation diagrams |
| Line symbols for electronic, digital and electromagnetic signals |
| Functional identifiers used with control systems |
| Function symbols used on instrumentation diagrams |
|
| Interpreting Diagrams
| Basic types of instrumentation diagrams |
| Interpreting a simplified diagram |
| Interpreting a conceptual diagram |
| Interpreting a detailed diagram |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP035
PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
Video
Trainees learn what a process is, supported by examples of familiar industrial
processes. The more common process variables of pressure, temperature, flow, and
level further define process.
| Process and System Characteristics
| Characteristics of a process |
| Process variables: pressure, temperature, flow, and level |
| Working fluid |
| System and process |
| Open system and closed system |
|
| Process Energy
| Energy and fluid processes |
| Relationship of potential energy to heat, mass, and pressure |
| Internal energy and heat |
|
| Temperature and Temperature Measurement
| Definition of temperature |
| Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales |
| Rankine and Kelvin temperature scales |
|
| Heat and Heat Transfer
| Definition of heat |
| Conduction, convection and radiation |
| The three phases of matter |
| Heat transfer and phase changes |
| Latent heat and sensible heat |
| Temperature and sensible heat |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP037
PROCESS CONTROL MODES
Video
Describes the function of controllers in instrument control systems and explains the
four basic modes of control action: two-position control, proportional control, integral
control and derivative control are covered.
| Two-Position Control
| The function of a controller in a process loop |
| Four modes of control |
| The operating principle of two-position control |
| The effect of two-position control in a process loop |
|
| Proportional Control
| The function of continuous control |
| The operating principle of proportional control |
| Definition of proportional band |
| Changing the width of a proportional band |
|
| PID Control
| Proportional control |
| Definition of offset |
| Integral control |
| Derivative control |
|
1 instructor’s guide, 1 student workbook. 30 minutes.
BIP039
PROCESS VARIABLES
Video
Describes pressure, flow, level and temperature in detail, including the physical
principles involved, methods of measurement, and units of measure. This course
explores the relationships among heat, energy, mass and pressure.
| Pressure and Pressure Scales
| Relationship among force, area and pressure |
| Derivation of pounds per square inch (psi) as a unit of measure |
| Atmospheric pressure and measurement |
| Gage pressure scale and measurement |
| Absolute pressure scale and measurement |
| Converting between gage pressure and absolute pressure |
| Pressure measurement and height of liquid |
| Inches of mercury and inches of mercury vacuum |
| Inches of water |
| Converting between psi, inches of water and inches of mercury |
|
| Volume, Density and Specific Gravity
| Volume, density and specific gravity |
| Calculating specific gravity based on density |
| Calculating density based on specific gravity |
|
| Flow Rate
| Definition of flow rate |
| Mass flow rate |
| Volumetric flow rate |
| Relationship between fluid flow rate and differential pressure
across a flow
restriction |
| Function of a U-tube manometer |
| Measuring differential pressure with a U-tube manometer |
| Hazards associated with use of mercury in a manometer |
|
| Temperature
| Methods of measuring temperature | |